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One complete free lesson for SIDC Exam Module 14: Derivatives. No account or payment needed.
Build an original bull call spread and calculate its debit, expiry profit, breakeven, and capped outcomes.
A trader expects a fictional asset, currently priced at forty ringgit, to rise moderately. Consider two European calls with the same expiry and underlying. Buy the call with a forty ringgit strike for five ringgit, and sell the call with a fifty ringgit strike for two ringgit. All amounts are per underlying unit; ignore fees, financing, and taxes. In this original Module Fourteen problem, what happens if the asset finishes at forty two? The asset rises, but that alone does not establish a profitable spread.
The initial net debit is five ringgit paid less two received, or three ringgit per unit. At expiry, the purchased call pays the amount by which the asset exceeds forty, with a floor of zero. The sold call creates an obligation equal to the amount above fifty, also floored at zero before applying the short position's negative sign. Subtract the short call payoff from the long call payoff, then subtract the initial three ringgit debit to obtain the spread's net profit.
Suppose the asset finishes at forty six ringgit. The forty strike call pays six, while the fifty strike call expires without value. The spread payoff is six, and net profit is six less three, or three ringgit. Between the strikes, each additional ringgit in the asset adds one ringgit to spread payoff. Breakeven occurs when that payoff equals the three ringgit debit, so the expiry asset price must be forty three. At forty, both calls expire without value and the debit is lost.
If the asset finishes at fifty five ringgit, the purchased call pays fifteen, but the sold call costs five. Their difference remains ten, the distance between the strikes. Subtracting the three ringgit debit leaves a maximum expiry profit of seven. Above fifty, gains on the purchased call are offset by losses on the sold call. At or below forty, both expire worthless, leaving a maximum loss of three. Selling the higher strike lowers the entry cost in exchange for giving up further upside.
Return to the opening question: the asset finishes at forty two ringgit. The purchased call pays two, the sold call pays nothing, and the spread produces two ringgit before the initial debit. After subtracting three, the trader loses one ringgit per unit. The long call being in the money does not mean the combined trade is profitable. Exercise value and net profit answer different questions. For this expiry calculation, the paid and received premiums must both be included through the net debit.
For any spread, list each leg, its strike, its position sign, and its initial premium. Calculate expiry payoffs leg by leg, combine them, and only then deduct the net entry cost. Check the price regions below, between, and above the strikes to find limits and breakeven. These results describe the stipulated European spread at expiry. Before expiry, time value and changing volatility also affect market value. The transferable skill is separating the payoff shape from profit after costs, rather than relying on a directional label.
Aligned to the SIDC July–December 2026 study outline. Independent teaching with original examples; this focused lesson does not cover the entire syllabus.
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Exam Syllabus
purpose of derivatives | exchange-traded derivatives | over-the-counter derivatives | market participants
futures pricing | mark-to-market | margining | settlement
calls and puts | intrinsic and time value | option moneyness | exercise styles
futures fair value | option payoff diagrams | break-even points | profit and loss
long and short hedges | spreads | covered calls | protective puts
leverage risk | liquidity risk | counterparty risk | market risk
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